Alhajry Unit 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alhajry Unit 5 - Essay Example Causes of global warming According to research, the human population has created a significant imbalance between living and planet earth in which the result has been the occurrence of natural disasters reported over the past a hundred years. Ideally, the rise of global temperature started mid twentieth century because of the increase in greenhouse gas emissions to earth’s atmosphere (Maslin 9). Environmentalists agree with the fact that the global temperature’s have increased by 0.5 degrees and will be on an increasing trend for years to come. Researchers indicate that 1990 was the hottest year of the twentieth century with scientists indicating that the global temperatures would rise by at least 3 degrees within the next a hundred years. First, air pollution and the greenhouse effect are the principle causes of global warming as the former is through factory emissions and vehicle gases (Maslin 10). The latter is through the entrapment of gases by green houses that help the sun to cool off, hence influencing the globe to experience higher temperatures. Over the years, the ozone layer has also experienced depletion as the atmosphere has allowed the penetration of harmful gases that heat up the earth. In essence, the ozone layer is the outermost layer of the atmosphere that prevents the damaging of the earth’s surface from radiations that are cancerous. The depletion of the ozone layer due to the heating up of the atmosphere and the resulting puncturing of the same (Ozone Holes) has allowed cancer-causing radiations to penetrate the earth leading to global warming. Further, the sulfur dioxide gas released during volcanic activities also causes global warming as they tend to cause blockage of the sunlight from reaching the earth’s surface hence distorting the global temperatures. With the rise of the global population, there has been an increase in human activity especially on forest as many strive to attain lands to settle in, which ha s led to the increased deforestation levels and decreased crop cover. Deforestation causes global warming because the cutting down of trees decreases the production of oxygen by plants and increases the concentration rates of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Essentially, plants take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen during the process of photosynthesis in which if forest cover decreases then there would be plenty of harmful carbon dioxide for human beings. On the other hand, the increased use of fertilizers that contain nitrogen oxide as compared to the conventional animal manure has also paved way for increased global temperatures as these fertilizers have heat storage capabilities. Nitrogen oxides have higher heat retention capacities as compared to carbon dioxide and when they get into the atmosphere, they destroy the ozone layer faster hence allowing the penetration of ultraviolet rays. The burning of fossil fuels on a daily basis is another cause of global warming because t hese fuels contain high levels of carbon (Haldar 11). Burning them increases carbon levels in the atmosphere as there is no complete consumption of the same. In the end, the increased establishment of industries and continued human activities continues to rise, the global temper

Ethics in Economics and Finance Essay Example for Free

Ethics in Economics and Finance Essay Ethics is defined as a standard of human behavior that offers how to act in many situations with friends, family members, employees, business people, professionals, etc. It is necessary to mention that to make really ethical decision means to use trained sensitivity to ethical issues. In other words, ethics is associated with acceptable human behavior in this or that everyday or scientific field. Ethics incorporates norms of conventional morality to distinguish ‘wrong’ behavior from ‘right’ behavior. Generally, ethical norms suggest honesty, truthfulness, fairness, integrity, justice and respect for others. Ethics is applied to all aspects of life as, for example, medicine, psychology, business, finance and economics. Financial and economic ethics is considered subset of general ethics. (Frowen, 1995, p. 46) Ethics and Ethical Norms Researches argue that ethical norms and values play important role in maintaining harmony and stability in social life as ethics suggests proper ways of human-human interactions. Ethics recognizes human needs and aspirations, as well as cooperative efforts, fairness and truthfulness. Ethics contributes social stability and ensures balance in all spheres of life and business. Social evolution has developed instinct care in humans to take care of ourselves and of others. Ethical norms are necessary for guiding human behavior and it is refereed to when it is necessary to resolve conflicts between selfishness and selfishness, between conscience and material needs. In finance and economics ethical violations are associated with inconsistency in modern financial-economic theory. Violations are also attributed to inconsistencies in use if principal-agent model of relations in economic and financial transactions. It is noted that the financial-economic theory is based on the rational-maximizer paradigm which promotes capitalist system stressing that individuals are egoistic and they tend to behave rationally when looking for ways of maximizing their own interest. The problem is that modern financial-economic theory contradicts ethical norms of loyalty, fidelity, trustworthiness and stewardship. Moral values are the core of traditional concept of agency, but if humans are claimed to be rational maximizers, then traditional sense is impossible. (Frowen, 19995, p. 47-49) For example, Duska argues that â€Å"to do something for another in a system geared to maximize self-interest is foolish. Such an answer, though, points out an inconsistency at the heart of the system, for a system that has rules requiring agents to look out for others while encouraging individuals to look out only for themselves, destroys the practice of looking out for others†. (Duska, 1992, p. 61) Ethics in Finance Ethics in finance plays important role as it aims at ensuring fair deals and transactions. Moreover, ethics in finance addresses corporate governance, and agency relationships which should be purely contractual. In financial sphere, ethical behaviour should be based on carrot-and-stick approach. In corporate governance the conflict between stockholder and management is described as agency problem. To deal with this problem an agency theory was developed. It stresses that the principal and agent are both self-interested aiming at generating their gain. (Dobson, 1993, p. 7) Researchers say that we tend to entail our needs as, for example, management of retirement savings or stock and bond investing, to financial services as we may fail to carry them effectively. We are not as organized as financial managers, but we are not aware of agency problem. Lack of necessary information limits our ability to monitor managers’ behaviour. Therefore, modern world is characterized by selfish behaviour as people are willing to get their things done by others. Such paradoxical situation explains ethical problems in financial sphere stressing that declining in morality is observed. (Dobson, 1993, p. 8) Ethical violations in finance are rather frequent nowadays and that mainly associated with stakeholder interest, insider trading, investment management and camping financing. Loyalty and trust in public and private dealings are often violated. The most common occurrences are fraudulent financial dealings, corruption in government and public institutions, influence peddling, cheating customers about their trading profits, insider trading, unauthorized transactions, misuse of customer funds in order to obtain personal gain, larceny and corruption in banks, improper pricing of customer trades, etc. Most frequently, unethical behaviour is associated with insider trading which is defined as trading in securities of particular company or organization with an effort to take advantage of information about material side of the company. In such a way, trade is provided with unfair advantage over other competitors in the same security. (Dobson, 1993, p. 59) Therefore, ethical codes are very important in financial filed as they set standards of acceptable behaviour, fair dealing and honest relations with customers. Ethical codes in finance tends to replace egoistic paradigm and to create such system which would promote, honesty, altruism and virtuous traits. It is rather common to fid ethical codes in modern financial markets and financial corporation. In financial markets such ethical codes are established by official regulatory agencies which are trying to ensure ethical and responsible behaviour as important part of all operations and transactions. Furthermore, re-examining of the core principle of capitalist society helps to address ethical problems in both financial and economic fields. Financial ethics suggests that individual should be presented as honest and altruistic promoting honesty and fairness in public and private dealings. The primary purpose of ethic in financial sphere is to set standards of internal good. (Dobson, 1993, p. 60-61) Ethics in Economics Ethics is related with economic sphere in three ways: economists should follow ethical values trying to shape the way they are doing economics; economic actors have ethical values which shape their own behavioural standards; finally, ethical values are important for economic policies and institutions as they affect people differentially. However, from economic perspective ethics is defined as a matter of choice for everyone. Many economists argue that ethical values contribute positively economic welfare. However, there are ideas that economics is ethically neutral. Economists are interested in implication of Adam Smith’s idea that all human are driven by self-interest and egoism. Smith argued that self-interest led to the common good of nation. (Wilber, 1996, p. 135) However, he agreed that human should act in terms of internationalized moral law and police power of the state. Therefore, it is recognized that in economic sphere all figures should act on the basis of acknowledged ethical norms as economy of every country needs efficient ethical behaviour to improve country’s reputation at the world scene. In economics ethics suggests avoiding corruption in government and promoting fair decision-making. It is a matter of fact that ethics is not an easy task for economic system and business as there will be always interest groups which will challenge ethical standards and values. Therefore, economics should pay more attention to ethics and social responsibility, as well as to set ethical codes of behavior. For example, businesses are defined as important institutions in any economic structure. Therefore, they are expected to follow ethical norms when deciding how to organize the work and to produce necessary goods and service. Businesses reflect the overall economic system and unethical behavior may create unfavorable reputation. (Wilber, 1996, p. 139) Conclusion Ethics plays crucial role in all aspects of life, especially in financial and economic sphere. In financial field ethics is associated with fair transactions and dealings, honest buyer-customer relations and avoidance of corruption. In economic field ethics is associated with social responsibility, ethical decision-making as the whole nation depends on them, and, of course, with no corruption on national level. Ethics is necessary not only for maintaining balance and harmony, but also for improving reputation of company, organization, and even country. (Frowen, 1995, p. 68)

Explanation Of How Both Long-t :: essays research papers

Using some of the causes in the list explain how both long-term and short-term causes contributed to Hitler’s rise to power. The treaty of Versailles caused a reaction of horror and outrage to the Germans. They were being forced to accept a harsh treaty without any choice or even a comment. Ebert was in an extremely difficult position. So he decided to accept the treaty of Versailles’ terms. When Ebert agreed to sign the treaty the Germans were furious, they were pleased the war had ended but they didn’t want humiliation. Hitler hated the treaty of Versailles, and he promised to kick out the treaty of Versailles as he had said in the Nazis’ Twenty-Five Points. People began to believe in Hitler. His Twenty-Five Point programme showed that the treaty of Versailles could be dealt as any other task, and he promised to abolish it right away. The treaty of Versailles was the most important of the Long-term causes because it gave Hitler the opportunity to share the same ideas as the Germans about the treaty of Versailles. So he took advantage in the middle of a politically destabilised German y. Short-term causes like the Munich Putsch helped his popularity, which was essential to his rise to power. Source 3: During the Munich Putsch Hitler said, â€Å"The Bavarian Ministry is removed. I propose that a Bavarian government be formed consisting of a Regent and Prime Minister invested with dictatorial powers... The government of the November criminals and the Reich president are declared removed... I proposed that until accounts have been finally settled with the November criminals, the direction of the policy in the National Government be taken over by me...† The Munich Putsch was a disaster for Hitler. People didn’t rise to support him. Hitler was arrested and charged with treason. In trial, Hitler gained lots of publicity and his ideas were reported in newspapers. Source 4:During the trial Hitler said, â€Å"I alone bear the responsibility but I am not a criminal because of that... There is no such thing as high treason against the traitors of 1918... I feel myself the best of Germans who wanted the best for German people.† Hitler convinced the judges, and got five years in prison instead of a life sentence, but Hitler served only nine months in Lansberg prison. Ludendorff was freed with Hitler. During his nine months in Lansberg prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, which expressed Hitler’s ideas towards Germany’s future. Explanation Of How Both Long-t :: essays research papers Using some of the causes in the list explain how both long-term and short-term causes contributed to Hitler’s rise to power. The treaty of Versailles caused a reaction of horror and outrage to the Germans. They were being forced to accept a harsh treaty without any choice or even a comment. Ebert was in an extremely difficult position. So he decided to accept the treaty of Versailles’ terms. When Ebert agreed to sign the treaty the Germans were furious, they were pleased the war had ended but they didn’t want humiliation. Hitler hated the treaty of Versailles, and he promised to kick out the treaty of Versailles as he had said in the Nazis’ Twenty-Five Points. People began to believe in Hitler. His Twenty-Five Point programme showed that the treaty of Versailles could be dealt as any other task, and he promised to abolish it right away. The treaty of Versailles was the most important of the Long-term causes because it gave Hitler the opportunity to share the same ideas as the Germans about the treaty of Versailles. So he took advantage in the middle of a politically destabilised German y. Short-term causes like the Munich Putsch helped his popularity, which was essential to his rise to power. Source 3: During the Munich Putsch Hitler said, â€Å"The Bavarian Ministry is removed. I propose that a Bavarian government be formed consisting of a Regent and Prime Minister invested with dictatorial powers... The government of the November criminals and the Reich president are declared removed... I proposed that until accounts have been finally settled with the November criminals, the direction of the policy in the National Government be taken over by me...† The Munich Putsch was a disaster for Hitler. People didn’t rise to support him. Hitler was arrested and charged with treason. In trial, Hitler gained lots of publicity and his ideas were reported in newspapers. Source 4:During the trial Hitler said, â€Å"I alone bear the responsibility but I am not a criminal because of that... There is no such thing as high treason against the traitors of 1918... I feel myself the best of Germans who wanted the best for German people.† Hitler convinced the judges, and got five years in prison instead of a life sentence, but Hitler served only nine months in Lansberg prison. Ludendorff was freed with Hitler. During his nine months in Lansberg prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, which expressed Hitler’s ideas towards Germany’s future.

Hausser Food Products Company Сase Study

Summary: Due to demographical changes and competition growth Hausser Food Products Company (a leading infant food producer and marketer with a 60% market share) is currently facing a decrease in sales growth and profit together with unused capacities of its plant and warehouse. Hired by HFP researcher finds out from their Regional Sales Manager, Brenda Cooper, about the difficulties of motivating her team to come up with new ideas of selling to increase the sales.Reasons1. HFP target planning doesn’t involve â€Å"people from the field† while they are the ones who know the local markets, what is realistic, what their capabilities of selling are whereas they are the ones to finally meet the targets.2. Rewarding scheme is not adjusted to the constantly changing market and working environment. Neither does it motivate employees to achieve higher targets set year after year nor does it encourage them to share their creative ideas on selling methods and new market opportunit ies.3. HFP management puts too much pressure on paperwork. Such bureaucracy limits the time sales people spend on selling activities.4. The company seems to have a fixed boundary between the top managers and regular sales forces. It is divided into â€Å"us and them†. Sales forces don’t understand that achieving a general goal is to their own benefit too – they are only focused on their personal goal which is receiving yearly bonus.5. Sales meetings are held without Regional Sales Managers such as Brenda Cooper. How to resolve the problem:1. District Managers should be involved in drawing up sales plans together with Regional Sales Managers who should be then communicating those goals to the Sales and Market Planning Directors.2. Changes of rewarding system should be made so that extra sales are rewarded more i.e.: not only bonus should be increased but also base salary should be revised. Moreover, creative or innovative ideas of regular employees should be reco gnized and prized accordingly to company’s increase in profit so that sales forces don’t get the impression of being â€Å"used† to  the company’s general benefit.3. Limit the paperwork by involving Regional Sales Manager in sales team meetings which would naturally keep them updated without the necessity of producing numerous papers and reports by sales people.4. Introduce team bonding activities, social events which would be attended all kinds of levels of employees: directors, managers and sales people. This would on one hand result in information  exchange crucial to the directors and on the other hand – in building-up of sense of belonging to the company as a whole and understanding the role of an individual in a company.

Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 17

17. Wide Awake in Sucker-Free Okata scraped the last few drops of blood from the container into the burned-up white girl's mouth. He'd managed to save two of the eight quart containers, but it wasn't going to be enough, he could tell, and after the fight at the butcher shop and his escape, he knew he wasn't strong enough to give her any more of his own blood. She'd need more, and he was going to have to start thinking of her as something besides the â€Å"burned-up white girl.† She was starting to resemble a real person now, more than a person-shaped cinder. A very old, very scary dead person, to be sure, but a person nonetheless. Her red hair nearly covered the pillow now, and she'd moved, if only a little, closing her mouth after the last drops of blood went in. No ash had flaked away with the movement. Okata was glad. Her exposed fangs made him a little uneasy, but now she had lips, sort of. He picked up his sketch pad from the floor, moved to the end of the futon to get a different angle, and began drawing her, as he'd been doing every hour or so since he'd returned from the butcher. He was still covered with the blood that had splashed on him during the fight, but it had long since dried and except for washing his hands so he could work, he'd forgotten it. He finished the sketch, then moved to his workbench, where he transferred a refined version of the drawing to a piece of rice paper so thin it was nearly transparent. He would replicate this drawing four more times, then each would be glued to a woodblock and carved away to make the plate for a different line or color. He looked over his shoulder at her, and felt a tremor of shame. Yes, she looked like a person now, an old, desiccated grandmother, but he shouldn't leave her like that. He took a bowl from the shelf above his little kitchen sink, filled it with warm water, and then knelt by the side of the futon and gently sponged the last patina of ash from her body, revealing the blue-white skin underneath. The skin was smooth, like polished rice paper, but pores and hair follicles were forming as he wiped the ash away. â€Å"Sorry,† he said in English. Then in Japanese he said, â€Å"I have not been mindful, my burned-up gaijin girl. I will do better.† He went to the cabinet under his workbench and removed a cedar box that looked like it might have been fashioned to hold a set of silverware. He opened the lid and removed the square of white silk, then stood and let the garment fall open to its full length. Yuriko's wedding kimono. It smelled of cedar, and perhaps of a bit of incense, but mercifully, it didn't smell of her. He laid the kimono out next to the burned-up girl, and ever so slowly, he moved it under her, gently worked her skeletal arms into the sleeves, then closed the robe and tied it loosely with the white obi. He arranged her arms at her sides so they looked comfortable, then picked up a small flake of dried blood that had fallen from his face onto her breast. She looked better now. Still wraithlike and monstrous, but better. â€Å"There you go. Yuriko would be pleased that her kimono helped cover one who had nothing.† He returned to his workbench and began the drawing for the block that would carry the yellow ink for the futon, when he heard movement behind him and wheeled around. â€Å"Well, don't you look yummy,† Jody said. TOMMY Tommy spent the early evening in the library, reading The Economist and Scientific American. He felt as if all the words were bringing him back from the animal realm to being a human being, and there were plenty of words in those magazines. He wanted his full powers of speech and human thought before he confronted Jody. He also hoped that his memory of what had happened would come back with his words, but that didn't seem to be working. He remembered a red blur of hunger in his head, being thrown through a window and landing on the street, but between that and the time when his words returned in the basement, with the Emperor, he could remember very little. It was as if those experiences-hunting, finding shelter of darkness, snaking his way through the City in a cloud of predators gone to mist-were filed in a part of his mind that locked as soon as the ability to put words to senses returned. He suspected that he may have helped Chet kill people, but if that was the case, why h ad he saved the Emperor? Fortunately, he hadn't lost the ability to turn to mist, which was how he'd obtained the outfit he was wearing now. The whole ensemble-khaki slacks, blue Oxford-cloth shirt, leather jacket, and leather boating moccasins-had been on display in a window at a men's store on Union Square, suspended by monofilament fishing line into the shape of a casual cotton ghost that was haunting other, equally stylish but substanceless marionettes around some deck chairs and artificial sand. Just after the dinner hour, when the store was at its busiest, Tommy streamed in under the door, into the outfit and became solid. With a quick crouch, he snapped all the monofilament line and walked out of the store fully dressed, bits of fishing line curling in his wake. It would, he thought, have been the smoothest, most audaciously cool thing he had ever done, if it hadn't been for the straight pins that had fastened the shirt to the slacks. But after a minor fit on the sidewalk as he yanked the pins out of his back, hips, and abdomen, while rhythmically chanting, â€Å"Ouch, ouch, ouch, ouch,† he returned to the calm and casual cotton-clad vampire aspect he'd been going for. He waited until he was at the library, in the stacks, before he pulled the piece of cardboard out of his collar and yanked off various tags and threads. Fortunately, there had been no anti-theft tags on the display outfit. Now he was ready, or as ready as he was going to get. He had to go to Jody now, hold her, tell her he loved her, kiss her, shag her until all the furniture was broken and the neighbors complained (undead predator or not, he was still nineteen and horny), then figure out what they were going to do about their future. As he walked back through the Tenderloin, dressed in his â€Å"please rob me† white boy outfit, a jittery crackhead in a hoody that had once been green, but now was so dirty it was shiny, tried to rob him with a screwdriver. â€Å"Give me your money, bitch.† â€Å"That's a screwdriver,† Tommy said. â€Å"Yeah. Give me your money or I'll stab you with it.† Tommy could hear the tweaker's heart fluttering, smell the acrid stench of rotting teeth, body odor, and urine on him, and could see an unhealthy, dark gray aura around him. His predator mind flashed the word â€Å"prey.† Tommy shrugged. â€Å"I'm wearing a leather jacket. You'll never get a screwdriver through it.† â€Å"You don't know that. I'll get a running start. Give me your money.† â€Å"I don't have any money. You're sick. You should go to the hospital.† â€Å"That's it, bitch!† The crackhead thrust the screwdriver at Tommy's stomach. Tommy stepped aside. The tweaker's movements seemed almost comically slow. As the screwdriver went by, Tommy decided it might be best if he took it, and he snatched it away. The robber lost his balance and tumbled forward into the street and lay there. With the flick of his wrist, Tommy threw the screwdriver onto the roof of a four-story building across the street. Two guys who had been standing in an alley a few feet away, thinking about taking the robbery over from the crackhead, or at least robbing him if he was successful, decided they would rather go see what was happening on the next block. Tommy was a half a block away when he heard the uneven, limping footsteps of the crackhead coming up behind him. He turned and the crackhead stopped. â€Å"Give me your money,† said the tweaker. â€Å"Stop robbing me,† said Tommy. â€Å"You don't have a weapon and I don't have any money. It's totally not working for you.† â€Å"Okay, give me a dollar,† said the crackhead. â€Å"Still don't have any money,† Tommy said, turning his pants pockets inside out. A note from inspector 18 fluttered to the sidewalk. He heard movement above-claws on stone-and cringed. â€Å"Uh-oh.† â€Å"Fifty cents,† said the crackhead. He put his hand in the pouch pocket of his hoody and pointed his finger like it was a gun. â€Å"I'll shoot.† â€Å"You have got to be the worst armed robber ever.† The crackhead paused for a second and pulled his gun-posed hand out of his pocket. â€Å"I have my G.E.D.† Tommy shook his head. He thought he'd left the cats behind, but the felines either still had some connection to him, or there were so many of them now that there was nowhere in the City you could go where they wouldn't be hunting. He didn't relish trying to explain the whole phenomenon to Jody. â€Å"What's your name?† he said to the crackhead. â€Å"I'm not telling you. You could turn me in.† â€Å"Okay,† Tommy said. â€Å"I'll call you Bob. Bob, have you ever seen a cat do that?† Tommy pointed up. The crackhead looked up the side of the building to see a dozen cats coming down the bricks, face-down, toward him. â€Å"No. Okay, I'm not robbing you anymore,† said the tweaker, his attention taken by the clutter of vampire cats descending on him. â€Å"Have a nice evening.† â€Å"Sorry,† said Tommy, meaning it. He turned and jogged up the street to put some distance between himself and the screaming, which only lasted a few seconds. He looked back to see the crackhead gone. Well, not really gone, but reduced to a pile of gray powder amidst his empty clothing. â€Å"It's how he would have wanted to go,† Tommy said to himself. He would have thought the cats would go for the two in the alley, but now they were taking the people right out on the open street. He was going to have to get Jody and talk her into leaving the City, like they should have in the first place. He jogged the twelve blocks to the loft, careful not to run so fast that he might be noticed. He tried to look like a guy who was just late getting home to his girlfriend, which, in a way, he was. He waited outside the door for a moment before pushing the buzzer. What was he going to say? What if she didn't want to see him? He didn't have any experience to draw on. She'd been the first girl he'd had sex with while sober. She was the first girl he'd ever lived with. She was the first to take a shower with him, to drink his blood, to turn him into a vampire, and to throw him broken and naked through a second-story window. She was his first love, really. What if she sent him away? He listened, looked at the plywood still over the windows, sniffed the air. He could hear people inside, at least two, but they weren't talking. There were machines running, lights buzzing, the smell of blood and rat whiz wafting under the door. It really would have felt better if there were romance in the air, but, well, okay. He ran his fingers through his hair, snatched away the last strands of fishing line trailing from his clothes like errant crystal pubes, and pushed the button. FOO Foo had just placed the vials of Abby's blood in the centrifuge when the buzzer on the intercom went off. He flipped the switch, then looked over at Abby, lying on the bed. She looked so peaceful, undead and drugged and not talking. Almost happy, despite having a tail. But the police wouldn't understand. He ran into the living room and shook Jared out of the game-induced trance he had entered on his game console. Foo could hear the death-metal sound track coming from Jared's headphones, tinny screeching and tiny chainsaw rhythms, like angry chipmunks humping a kazoo inside a sealed mayonnaise jar. â€Å"Whaaa?† said Jared, yanking out his earbuds. â€Å"Someone's at the door,† whispered Foo. â€Å"Hide Abby.† â€Å"Hide her? Where? The closet is full of medical crap.† â€Å"Between the mattress and the box springs. She's skinny. You can mash her in there.† â€Å"How will she breathe?† â€Å"She doesn't need to breathe.† â€Å"Sweet.† Jared went for the bedroom, Foo for the intercom. â€Å"Who is it?† he said, keying the button. He really should have installed a camera. They were easy to wire and he got a discount at Stereo World. Stupid. â€Å"Let me in, Steve. It's Tommy.† Foo thought for a second he might pee a little. He hadn't finished building the high-intensity UV laser, and Abby hadn't worn her sun jacket. He was defenseless. â€Å"I can see why you might be mad,† said Foo, â€Å"but it was Abby's idea. I wanted to turn you back to human, like you wanted.† Oh fuck, oh fuck, oh fuck. Tommy was going to kill him. It would be humiliating. The guy didn't even have an undergrad degree. He was going to be murdered by an undead Anglo liberal-arts tard who quoted poetry. The buzzer went off again. Foo jumped and keyed the intercom. â€Å"I didn't want to do it. I told her it was cruel to put you guys in there.† â€Å"I'm not mad, Steve. I need to see Jody.† â€Å"She's not here.† â€Å"I don't believe you. Let me in.† â€Å"I can't, I have things to do. Scientific things that you wouldn't understand. You have to go away.† Okay, now he was a tard. â€Å"I can come in, Steve, under the door or through the cracks around the windows, but when I go back to solid, I'll be naked. Nobody wants that.† â€Å"You don't know how to do that.† â€Å"I learned.† â€Å"Oh, that's cool,† said Foo. Oh shit, oh shit, oh shit. Could he get the door shut and duct taped before Tommy could ooze in. The great room was already taped up to contain the rat fog. â€Å"Buzz me in, Foo. I have to see Jody and I have to feed. You still have some of those blood pouches, right?† â€Å"Nope. Sorry, we're all out. And Jody's not here. And we've installed sunlamps all over the loft, Tommy. You'd be toast.† He did have some blood bags. In fact, he still had some of the ones with the sedative in it that he'd used to knock Abby out. â€Å"Steve, please, I'm hungry and hurt and I've been living in a basement with a bunch of vampire cats and if I turn to mist my new outfit is going to get stolen while I'm up there snapping your neck with my junk hanging out.† Foo was trying to think of a better bluff when a dark sleeve shot by him and he heard the door lock buzz downstairs. He looked up at Jared. â€Å"What the fuck have you done?† â€Å"Hi,† Tommy said in Foo's ear. â€Å"He sounded so sad,† Jared said. THE OLD ONES At sundown the three awoke inside a titanium vault under the main cabin and checked the monitors that were wired like a nervous system to every extremity of the black ship. â€Å"Clear,† said the male. He was tall and blond and he'd been lean in life, so he remained so, would remain so, forever. He wore a black silk kimono. The two females cranked open the hatch and climbed out into what appeared to be a walk-in refrigerator. The male closed the hatch, pushed a button concealed behind a shelf, and a stainless-steel panel slid across the hatch. They walked out of the fridge, into the empty galley. â€Å"I hate this,† said the African female. She had been Ethiopian in life, descended from royalty, with a high forehead and wide eyes that slanted like a cat's. â€Å"It was to this face that Solomon lost his heart,† Elijah had told her, holding her face in his hands as she died. And so he called her Makeda, after the legendary Queen of Sheba. She didn't remember her real name, for she had worn it for only eighteen years, and she had been Makeda for seven centuries. â€Å"It's different,† said the other female, a dark-haired beauty who had been born on the island of Corsica a hundred years before Napoleon. Her name had been Isabella. Elijah had always called her Belladonna. She answered to Bella. â€Å"It's not that different,† said Makeda, leading the way up a flight of steps to the cockpit. â€Å"It seems like we just did this. We just did this-when?† â€Å"A hundred and fifty years ago. Macao,† said the male. His name was Rolf, and he was the middle child, the peace-maker, turned by Elijah in the time of Martin Luther. â€Å"See what I mean,† said Makeda. â€Å"All we do is sail around cleaning up his messes. If he does this again I'm going to have the boy drag him out onto the deck during the day and video it while he burns. I'll watch it every night on the big screen in the dining room and laugh. Ha!† Although the oldest, Makeda was the brat. â€Å"And what if we die with the sire?† asked Rolf. â€Å"What if you wake up in the vault on fire?† He palmed a black glass console and a panel whooshed open in the bulkhead. The cockpit, big enough to host a party for thirty, was lined in curving mahogany, stainless steel, and black glass. The stern half was open to the night sky. But for the ship's wheel, it looked like an enormous Art Deco casket designed for space travel. â€Å"I've died before,† said Makeda. â€Å"It's not that bad.† â€Å"You don't remember,† said Bella. â€Å"Maybe not. But I don't like this. I hate cats. Shouldn't we have people for this?† â€Å"We had people,† said Rolf. â€Å"You ate them.† â€Å"Fine,† said Makeda. â€Å"Give me my suit.† Rolf touched the glass console again and a bulkhead opened to reveal a cabinet filled with tactical gear. Makeda pulled three black bodysuits from the cabinet and handed one each to Rolf and Bella. Then she slid out of her red silk gown and stretched, naked, her arms wide like Winged Victory, her head back, fangs pointed at the skylight. â€Å"Speaking of people,† said Bella. â€Å"Where's the boy? I'm hungry.† â€Å"He was feeding Elijah when we awoke,† said Rolf. â€Å"He'll be along.† Elijah was kept below in a vault similar to their own, except the prime vampire's vault was airtight, locked from the outside, and was fitted with an airlock system so the boy could feed him. â€Å"Irie, me undead dreadies,† said the pseudo-Hawaiian as he came up the steps, barefoot and shirtless, carrying a tray of crystal balloon goblets. â€Å"Cap'n Kona bringin' ya the jammin' grinds, yeah?† The vampires each spoke a dozen languages but none of them had the slightest idea what the fuck Kona was talking about. When he saw Makeda stretching, the blond Rastafarian stopped and nearly dumped the goblets off the tray. â€Å"Oh, Jah's sweet love sistah, dat smoky biscuit givin' me da rippin' stiffy like dis fellah need to poke squid with that silver sistah on de Rolls-Royce, don't you know?† Makeda fell out of her â€Å"Nike† posture and looked at Rolf. â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"I think he said he would enjoy violating you like a hood ornament,† said Rolf, taking a snifter from the tray and swirling dark liquid under his nose. â€Å"Tuna?† â€Å"Just caught, bruddah,† said Kona, having trouble now balancing the tray while trying to hunch to conceal the erection tenting his baggies. Bella took her snifter from the tray and grinned as she turned to look out the windscreen at the City. The Transamerica Pyramid was lit up in front of them, Coit Tower just to the right, jutting from Telegraph Hill like a great concrete phallus. Makeda took a slinky step toward Kona, â€Å"Should I let him rub oil on me, Rolf? Do I look ashy?† â€Å"Just don't eat him,† Rolf said. He sat in one of the captain's chairs, loosened the belt of his black kimono, and began working the Kevlar bodysuit over his feet. â€Å"Quaint,† said Makeda. She took another step toward Kona, held her bodysuit before her, then dropped it. In an instant she had gone to mist and streamed into the suit, which filled as if a girl-shaped emergency raft had been deployed inside. She snatched the last goblet out of the air as Kona flinched and dumped the tray. â€Å"Will you oil me up later, Kona?† Makeda said, standing over the surfer now as he cowered. â€Å"Nah need, matey, you shinin' plenny fine. But dat other ting bein' a rascal fo' sure.† He held his hand to his chest and ventured a glance up at her. â€Å"Please.† â€Å"It's your turn,† said Bella with a smile, her lips rouged with tuna blood. â€Å"Oh, all right,† said Makeda. â€Å"But use a glass.† Kona reached into the pocket of his baggies and came out with a shot glass, which he held with both hands before his head like a Buddhist monk receiving alms. She pushed her thumb against one of her fangs, then let the blood drip into Kona's shot glass. Ten drops in, she pulled her thumb away and licked it. â€Å"That's all you get.† â€Å"Oh, mahalo, sistah. Jah's love on ya.† He drained the blood then licked the shot glass clean, as Makeda watched and sipped her tuna blood. After a full minute, with the ersatz Hawaiian still lapping away at the glass, his breath heaving like he was hoisting the anchor by hand, she took the shot glass and held it away from him. â€Å"You're done.† â€Å"Bug eater,† Bella said, disgusted. Now she was in her own bodysuit and had drained her goblet of blood. â€Å"Oh, I think he's cute,† said Makeda. â€Å"I may let him oil me up yet.† She ruffled Kona's dreadlocks. He was staring blankly into space, his mouth open, drooling. â€Å"Just don't eat him,† Rolf said. â€Å"Stop saying that. I won't eat him,† said Makeda. â€Å"He's a licensed captain. We need him.† â€Å"All right. I'm not going to eat him.† Bella walked over, yanked a dreadlock from Kona's head, and used it to tie back her own, waist-length black hair. The surfer didn't flinch. â€Å"Bug eater,† she repeated. Rolf was back at the cabinet, snapping together various bits of weaponry. â€Å"We should go. Grab a hood, gloves to go with the sunglasses. Elijah said they had some sort of sunlight weapons.† â€Å"This is different,† said Bella, gathering all the high-tech kit from the weapons cabinet, as well as a long overcoat to cover it all. â€Å"We didn't have all this in Macao.† â€Å"As long as you're not bored, darling,† said Rolf. â€Å"I hate cats,† said Makeda as she pulled on her gloves.

Development Of The Rural Tourism Tourism Essays

Development Of The Rural Tourism Tourism Essays Development Of The Rural Tourism Tourism Essay Development Of The Rural Tourism Tourism Essay In this survey we are seeking to reply two of import inquiries about rural touristry. First of all, what are the outlooks of rural tourers. Second, is at that place any connexion between the outlooks and perceptual experiences? For this survey I will supply studies in order to turn out and to reply the inquiries. The spread between importance and public presentation will be evaluated. The findings will be applied to better service quality and it will function as the footing for rural touristry stakeholders to better their service schemes in response to client demands. Besides I want to indicate out about sustainable development, intercultural communicating on rural touristry. Because tourer may necessitate transit, hence, with the emanation of CO2 we may destruct the environment. The aim of this survey is turn outing information about how could we fulfill our rural tourer, is our installations met their outlook? To reply this inquiry I will supply the survey of my studies in order to assist the proprietor of rural houses or hotels to understand better the behavior of our client. The purpose of making these studies is help the stakeholder of rural houses or hotels to understand what their client is expected before they go to the hotel or houses and if they have been satisfied after the stay, in order to better their service schemes in response to client demands. There are many studied about the rural touristry but most of these studied is about the development and how could the rural touristry asses to the rural economic growing, but they have neer mentioned about the client satisfaction which is the cardinal fact that will assist our concern success. Introduction: Definition of the rural touristry. It seems truly easy to specify the term rural touristry, but really it has many issues when we try to specify the term, because depend on where we are we can happen many difference definition about rural touristry, In Spain sometime they consider the size of the population to specify rural or urban, nevertheless, size of the population is non plenty to find ruralism . Besides, when specializer want to look into or prove the turning procedure of the rural touristry, they can non acquire an accurate information because in Spain there are non standard statute law for the rural house or hotel, so without unvarying criterion is impossible to try the growing. Harmonizing to Nilson ( Nilson, 1998, cited in R. Derek, 2003, p.183 ) tends to see all touristry non-urban countries as rural touristry . ItA?s non truly good point because we can non see that all non-urban touristry is rural touristry, because due to the first statement to be considered as rural it has to hold some demand, like the population size, the environment, activitiesaˆÂ ¦etc. , But sometime rural touristry is considered when the rural civilization is an of import constituent of the merchandise on offer, because rural touristry is the wish to give a client the physical and human environment of the topographic point, do them take part on traditions activities or life style of local people ( Luigi Carini, 2003, Cited in R. Derek, 2003, p.183 ) . Why is so hard to specify rural? It is because all of us have a different perceptual experience of ruralism . Therefore there is non precisely intending for this term. Development of the rural touristry. Rural touristry has growing a batch in the past 20 old ages, today more and more people is traveling to rural touristry, what was the elements that asses this turning? , is because they are tired of urban life, thatA?s why they want to loosen up in a better or loosen uping environment by making activities that they would neer make in a urban or fall back hotel? . In this survey would assist you to understand more about rural touristry and have more cognition about how would rural touristry can measure the rural economic systems and assist the preservation of the rural environment. Rural touristry is mostly a domestic phenomenon with a disparate nature across states and continent ( Gartner, 2004, Cited in Gao, 2009, p.439 ) . This explains us why in the last past few old ages were a important sum of instance surveies in relation of states and rural touristry lures in diverse states. In China the development of rural topographic point took topographic point in 1980s, the rural touristry has undergone during 20 old ages with the signifiers of poorness relief through touristry, Harmonizing to some research China has more than 56 % of the population life in rural country, even though in the past few twelvemonth it has an unbelievable growing in China general economic but it does non impact the growing of rural country because Chinese people considered the Nong which means anterior necessity of worlds is nutrient, hence they have a immense concern about the rural activities, and in this instance is the outlook which is the cardinal point of the development of th e rural country and promote the rural touristry ( Gao, 2009, p. 440 ) . In add-on, rural touristry it has a peculiar manner to pull client by offering them agricultural ambiances and civilizations at truly low cost and it does non necessitate a sophisticated substructure like if you go to metropolis Centre, or fall back hotel ( Gannon, 1994, Cited in Byeong, 2009, p.22 ) . Consequently, In Korea has considered the structural and new type of client have guide to the rural development. Nevertheless in Serbia has a different manner to advance the rural touristry, in Serbia has good potency in rural touristry due to that it has many rural country under development, because in that manner they can promote and advance the rural touristry in order to measure the rural economic growing, which play an of import function in the full Serbian economic and the formation of richer and picturesque image of Serbia, hence for Serbian to advance rural touristry a good selling schemes is needed and th e criterion for this sort of touristry, because in Europe has a criterion for the rural touristry ( K. Kosic, 2010, p. 428 ) . Sustainable development of rural touristry The growing of the rural touristry is truly of import, due to that it can measure the rural economic growing, make occupation in rural country, promote the agricultural growing in under develop areaaˆÂ ¦and so on, nevertheless the rapidly growing or no control of the rural growing can take unexpected issues and can convey negative influences on rural communities and the touristry concern itself ( Byeong, 2009, P.23 ) . Basically means that the overdevelopment and no planned development can take the escapes of benefit, commercialisation of local civilization and corrupted some local country with aliens, thatA?s why sustainable development is needed on these topographic points. Therefore the aim of being sustainable, at the first phase is to understand the comparative importance to tourism determination shapers of each index for sustainable rural touristry development ( Byeong, 2009, P.24 ) . Harmonizing to Young ( 1992, P.100 ) most of surveies seem to postulate that economic, social- cultural, environmental sustainability are the chief factors that should be maintain during the development of rural touristry . There are many struggles about the sustainable development indexs, the chief five indexs are: client satisfaction, environmental, employment, fiscal escapes, and environmental impact assessment indexs ( Miller, 2001, P.351-365 ) . These indexs are truly of import in term of managerial and planning term, but what about the intercession of the authorities? Should non it be more effectual, the authorities should put criterion for the rural development. Economic sustainability Many researches illustrate the importance of the economic facet in rural touristry, specifically the increasing of the income of local people, and the increasing of the employment ( Greffe, 1994, P.22 ) . The point of involved local people in rural touristry is create more occupation chances and sells local nutrients or obtaining benefit by selling adjustment. By making it, it helps the local demands and concretely in country where is less developed. Nevertheless sometime it conveying job by involved local occupant in development of rural touristry, because fluently there is non warrant in concern about the return on both economic and clip investings ( Mcgehee, 2002, P111-124 ) , hence in order to avoid this type of issues the income demand to be reported to the stakeholders, due to that income are mensurable, and through the procedure, the aim, aim demand to be updated rather frequently, in order to guarantee the effectivity, and by giving to the local people the study about the inv esting and benefit on return can measure the increasing of tourer, making new occupation, have more gross, hence the engagement of local people is important to the development of rural touristry ( Byeong, 2009, P.25 ) . Social-cultural sustainability As the rural touristry growing, the occupants life will hold some alteration, due to the enrichment of the zone, and besides increased chances for societal interaction and civilization exchange, and on the tourer side is supplying the chances of to see traditional cultural and the manner of life, but in that instance local people need to continue the cultural individuality, besides the singularity, and the character of communities ( Macgehee, 2002, P.111-124 ) . The saving of historical, scenic heritage should be continue for long-run rural touristry, be certain non to destruct the environment. Beside the preservation issues, there is another issues that need to be considered, and is the safety, because as the tourer addition, the offense, traffic will increase, therefore the public security is of import in this instance, occupants should supply a safety and clean environment in order to pull more tourer ( Gannon, 1994, P.80 ) . Environment sustainability The consequent of increasing the figure of tourer can do societal and cultural issues, and besides can impact the environment of the topographic point, hence local people need to hold consciousness about this job, as they are involved in the development of rural touristry, hence local people play a truly of import function in continuing and commanding their environment ( Byeong, 2009, P.26-27 ) . In order to continue the environment sustainability, the figure of visitant demand to be controlled, puting the upper limit of tourer that can come per month or per twelvemonth will increase the feasibleness of environment sustainability, and is non merely the figure of tourer has to be concerned, besides the pollution, as the tourer increase the traffic will increase in the same manner, therefore the taint of the environment is a large job. And by puting the maximal figure of individuals that can see the topographic point will lend or cut down these jobs ( Gannon, 1994, P.97 ) . Taking in consideration that a careful consideration of the tourer transporting capacities and required the graduated table and type of developments suited for each portion of the local. Harmonizing to Lane ( 1994, P.102 ) This may include determinations to apportion some countries for intensive usage, to do some countries less accessible on preservation evidences and to put overall bounds to growing . Thi s is a good method to maintain some historic landscape protected. Managerial and administrative sustainability Due to fact that local people do non hold the cognition about how to advance or to whom should they direct their merchandise, the issues of how to sell their merchandise and how to pull tourer is important facts to take sustainable rural development ( Byeong, 2009, P.27 ) . Furthermore, tourer sometime depends on marketing communicating in order to take a finish for vacation. Thus, is good to pass on with the authorities or director in order to allow them cognize about our merchandise and assist local people to advance it decently ( Mcgehee, 2002, P.111-124 ) . Since the tourer who has chosen rural touristry is because they expect entire non-urban life manner, that s why a diverse of out-of-door activities in order to allow them see rural life and connect with nature and evidently exchange civilization with local people. Besides the activities, local nutrient besides needs to be provided in order to run into demands and fulfill the tourer, making great experience to take to experience good and come back ( Macgehee, 2002, P.111-124 ) , because the quality of nutrient production and eating house, which is closely link to client satisfaction. Furthermore, the service, adjustment, transit, handiness demand to be provided at sensible monetary value. Another issue truly of import sing with client satisfaction is the kindness of local people, therefore the welcoming of tourer is needed ( Mckercher, 1998, p.173-188 ) .

Special Ed. in Japan essays

Special Ed. in Japan essays I am a human being even though I cry a lot. I want to become strong and walk. -Koji Kanai (12 year old mentally disabled girl) The beginning of the modern era of schooling in Japan came about in mid way through the 19th century. The first changes came along with the Meiji Restoration in 1868. This is the time schooling was opened to every member of society, regardless of class, family status, etc.; as said in the Decree of Encouragement of Learning(1872): From this time onward, everyone irrespective of class origins such as nobility, military, farmer, artisan, or merchant, and irrespective of ones sex, ought to learn, so that there should be no family without learning throughout the village and no person without learning in the family... While education at advanced levels was still very expensive at this period in time, the Second World War brought about new changes in the educational system. The second big change in Japanese education was the reform under the policies of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. This new system was modeled after the American system, while the old British-type system was removed. This new system consisted of a 6-3-3-4 arrangement of schools. Students spent six years in elementary school, three in junior high school, three in high school and four at a higher education facility. While the Japanese arrangement of schools was modeled after out own, the pressure to perform academically differs greatly. Gambaru (persistence) is the key element to the Japanese student. Gambaru is not just a saying students live by, but is an entire theory of learning; it is used among members of a group to encourage each other in cooperative activities. While Americans place the emphasis on IQ, intelligence, and talent, Japanese professors see IQ scores of no importance. They view the comparison of IQ score as irrelevant and do not label anyone...

Where to Find Research Papers Online Discover Google Scholar

Where to Find Research Papers Online Discover Google Scholar Where to Find Research Papers Online: Discover Google Scholar Where to find research papers online? If you use Google as your search engine of choice you will be pleased to learn about Google Scholar, Google ´s Online search engine for scholarly research, papers, articles books, abstracts and more. It is easy to access and you are able to find everything all in one place. Google Scholar is a very useful tool for students. Across all Disciplines Articles and works in the database are too numerous to list. They include articles from economics, arts, physics, mathematics, social sciences, business, humanities, chemistry, engineering and Google Scholar has a special search for case law. In addition to that, Google Scholar offers specific languages you can search with if you need documents in a language other than English, or if the document was only published in one language.   Whatever your subject, give Google Scholar a try first, it will not disappoint. References and Citations As an author of scholarly works, Google scholar offers a citation count and visual aids such as charts, to show you how many times your article has been cited. As a student writing a paper and using the scholarly literature found in Google Scholar, you can cite the referenced work using a link directly from Google Scholar. Google scholar offers the MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard and Vancouver styles of citation. Your Own Library Once you perform a search you can enable your library in Google Scholar. This library is attached to your Google account which means you can access it wherever you log into Google. Once you find a document you want to add to your library simply click save and the article will be in your library for future reference. You can organize your library by document date, adding labels and other useful features. Types of Publications The publications Google Scholar uses are numerous. However, they do maintain a top 100 list if you would like to browse publications. You may also browse by a specific area of interest. The interface is straightforward, logical and user friendly. Search Features Google scholar has several handy search criteria available to narrow your search. You can search by date published, author name, phrase, exact phrase and title search. You can also use an option to exclude certain words or phrases. In addition to that you can search specific sources, such as searching a specific medical journal or publication. Some articles may require subscriptions but much of what is on Google Scholar is free, so don’t hesitate to use it. You can read many of the articles immediately in Google’s PDF reader, and cite them with a click. In addition to that, once you find an article, Google Scholar offers links below the search result for similar articles and search terms included in the current article to give you even more avenues to explore, making research so much easier. Google Scholar is a top notch tool for any student who needs to write a research paper  from scratch. Its powerful search capabilities, vast selection of publications and languages and features like the library and citations make this a must have tool.

Philosophical Analysis of Terrorism and Torture Essay

Philosophical Analysis of Terrorism and Torture - Essay Example Modern wars are by design, not in alignment with the Just War Doctrine. Justification to initiate and continue a war is dependent upon the propaganda that starts before a war, continues and evolves according to the circumstances during this heinous act and subsides long after the war is over. It is therefore safe to assert that the Just War Doctrine does not in any way provide the control required to limit the violence related to war; instead it functions to guide the powerful forces to seek suitable justifications regarding initiation of the war process; no matter how misaligned the justifications. War conventions fail to substantiate in cases where the powerful forces regard their opponents as being â€Å"less than humans†. US attack on Iraq for eradication of weapons of mass-destruction can be regarded as a recent example of this scenario. Despite inflicting immense damage to the target country, no such weapons were recovered; the justification of war was hence flawed. Judging torture in the light of ethical theories can bring forth variable outcomes. The proponents of torture present it as the only available means for revelation of information that is essential to provide protection to other humans. An example in this regard is the ‘ticking bomb’ scenario that is often presented to convince people about the importance of torture as a means of ensuring the safety of masses. Judging torture from the deontological perspective brings forth the fact that torture should be avoided at all costs (Gordon 62). Since the proponents of deontological approach are inclined towards highlighting the importance of ‘duty’ without regard to the ‘outcome’; this approach demands that the general approach of treating the suspects be in accordance to the ethical principles and hence torture should be avoided at all costs. This is in contradiction to other ethical approaches which take into account the

Should We Raise or Lower Minimum wage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should We Raise or Lower Minimum wage - Essay Example Almost two-thirds of minimum wage workers do not proceed beyond high school education. Thus, they prefer working under the minimum wage plan because they lack the productivity which can command higher pay from their employers (Autor 11). The debate of increasing the minimum wage is not new; it has been on the limelight for quite some time. The first minimum wage rule was 25 cents an hour that was set in 1938. The latest increment was done in 2009 where it was raised to $7.25 an hour in July 2009. When we increase the minimum wages for less skilled worker, it means that we have started appreciating them, and it would be part of rewarding and respecting the dignity they deserve. It would have a big role in improving their living standards, as well as that of their families.By increasing the minimum wage, we begin to restore the dignity of work and taking care the wellbeing of these people who are in (Autor 62). David Neumark an economist researched on the issue and came up with the conclusion that when increasing the minimum wage it reduced employment for the lowest skilled workers. However, he noted that this improved for long term, resulting to job growth (Mishel 28). With the increase of standards of living among the American citizens, somebody would argue that raising the minimum wages is of significance towards the improvement and recovery of the economy. Those in favour of raising the minimum wages have an approach that this can lead to lower turnover of employees in the organization and the employees become more loyal. The federal government of USA minimum wage is currently $7.25 an hour, and the there has been mounting pressure for the congress to increase the minimum wage up to $10.10 an hour. Those in favour of raising the minimum wages argue that wage increment would lead to a larger stimulus effect, with the demand of goods and services increasing as a result of higher purchasing power of the working class. Consequently, it is this industry that

Votes for Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Votes for Women - Essay Example He was in a very powerful position, as there was no Liberal MP who could even try to oppose him. It is well known that Asquith was totally against the campaign for women's vote right. Partly this was so because of the way he considered the voting: he did not think there was need for each individual to need to have a vote, he considered that such representation was more an issue of representing a class or community. That is why one man could represent the ideas of all of his family. Moreover, there were lots of serious problems facing the Parliament within 1900 - 1914, and Asquith was sure that "women's rights to vote" was a minor issue. In addition he paid no attention to demonstrations while he was sure that they did not reflect people's thinking. There was another aspect. If the law giving women the vote was ever going to be passed, it would have to happen in the Parliament. That means that such parties as the Liberals, the Conservatives and the Labour Party would have a part to play. It is false to think that all male politicians were opposed to female suffrage. In fact the Labour Party supported it, and leading Labour figures were deeply involved in the case. A substantial part of the Liberal Party supported it as well, together with many leading Liberals, including Churchill, Sir Edward Grey, and Lloyd George. Nevertheless there was much opposition to it among the Conservatives, as was vividly depicted in conservative Lord Curzon's speech in 1912. In society those who were against the female suffrage used a wide range of arguments, in 1900 many of the opponents to the movement simply considered that it was self evident that women were not intended to vote. To put it differently women should not have the vote because they simply were females. This was probably the position of most citizens in the country. It is worth mentioning that when people began to rationalise the opposition, occurred women who spoke out against female suffrage. The first group of people who opposed the movement were the people who considered the system to be fine and could not be improved further. Those people objected to giving anyone who was not already eligible to vote the right to do so. They had the vote right themselves, and feared any franchise extension. An elitist system of government and objection of widening the democracy was their major belief. As the debate over enlargement the pool of voters grew, arguments against women's suffrage began to occur. One of them was that all government, in England and in the Empire, rests on physical force, which women do not possess, or do not want to contribute to it because of their constitution. The idea is that women are too physically weak and it is not in their nature to be soldiers. The second aspect of the argument was that women influence would evidently help the introduction of pacifism into society. In relation to the Empire there were two further argument lines. One meant that if women got opportunity to gain power in Britain, a demand for the

A Clockwise orange - Violence and Society Essay

A Clockwise orange - Violence and Society - Essay Example The overwhelming question that would be examined is whether society can curb violence by implementing laws that by themselves are violent. The question, whether violence by criminals can be addressed by violent means, is addressed in the novel through its theme.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society is expected to function properly only when people can carry out their day-to-day activities without being threatened of violent acts like stealing, sexual harassment, etc. by unsocial elements. When unsocial acts from the likes of eve-teasing and pick pocketing crosses their limits to rape and murder, like carried out by Alex in the novel under study, then such characters are too dangerous to be left open in the society. Imprisonment is one way through which present day judicial system deals with such criminal offenders (Collins and Cattermole).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though there is no authoritative definition of anti-social acts by habitually violent criminal offenders, anti-social act is any action which is ‘public’  in character, generally criminal, and at a low level of seriousness constitutes activities often termed in popular parlance as ‘street offences.’  In US, crimes are classified into felonies and misdemeanors. While misdemeanors are usually lighter form of offenses dealt with corrective measures like fine or imprisonment up to 1 year, serious crimes like rape and murder comes under the category of felony. They are often punishable by death penalty or imprisonment more than one year (Collins and Cattermole 47).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cullen, Wright, and Blevins observes, â€Å"crime is a complex phenomenon that exists on varied levels of analysis, manifests itself in various ways across the life course, is linked to forces inside and outside the individual, and is enmeshed in contexts extending from situational dynamics to socio-political, historical eras.†Ã‚  (Cullen, Wright, and Blevins 1) Alex, the protag onist in the 1962 novel A Clockwise Orange, and his pals are adolescent ‘style-boys’ who are used to ‘smashing faces and windows’  and night orgies. They communicate in slangs and external environment generates a vicious circle from where it is difficult to come out from the crime (Burgess). Alex's pals (‘droogs" in the novel's Anglo-Russian slang) are Dim, a slow-witted, systematic bruiser and Georgie, a motivated No 2 in command, and Pete, all of whom have predilection for ultra-violence. The author portrays Alex as a personality with an instinct to do antisocial activities and a hardcore juvenile wrongdoer; he is nevertheless sharp and intelligent with elegant taste of music. Alex is especially fan of Beethoven, or ‘Lovely Ludwig Van.’  (Burgess 63)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Collins and Cattermole, antisocial behavior varies from person to person. ‘Silo’  remedy focused on just one part is deemed to be a f ailure. Enforcement, prevention, and rehabilitation should be pursued thoughtfully in any modern free society (Collins and Cattermole 47-48). During his imprisonment, Alex is subject to behavior modification; Ludovico Technique is experimented (Burgess 82). Under this technique, Alex is injected with a medicine that makes him sick and compelled to view violent scenes finally pushing him to strong bouts of nausea at the mere thought of violence (Burgess 96). The success of the application of Ludovico technique in Alex is exhibited to a cluster of important people, who observe as Alex falls down before a bully and degrade him before an insufficiently attired young woman. Though the prison officials blame the government of depriving Alex of free will, the state bureaucrats present are delighted with the outcome and Alex is discharged from the prison (Burgess 119). Ability to

Pneumatic Linear Actuators Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pneumatic Linear Actuators - Assignment Example This pneumatic linear actuator particularly works by moving the barrel forward against the mold and back away from the mold in successive sessions. The linear force applied on the injection piston forces the molten plastic polymer to flow into the sprue hole of the mold where molten thermosetting polymer assumes the shape of the contours of the mold (Malloy, 2004, 41). For example, during the mechanical activity of the machine, the piston in the hollow cylinder is pushed by air causing it to produce energy in the form of motion. Â  This is the last pneumatic linear actuator used that operates by opening and closing the mold. The mold cavity then determines the shape of the polymer before the final product is pushed by the linear actuator into the final stage involving the cooling of the product. For example, while the cooling of the already molded product is in progress, Mould Clamp Linear Actuator is used to hold and clamp the plates of the mold together until the final product cools and hardens into the desired shape. In this regard, the clamping procedure is primarily used to determine the finished product’s final shape. Â  There are a number of inputs and outputs required for a control system that will ensure that to ensure that the injector is always back to its original position.

A Clockwise orange - Violence and Society Essay

A Clockwise orange - Violence and Society - Essay Example The overwhelming question that would be examined is whether society can curb violence by implementing laws that by themselves are violent. The question, whether violence by criminals can be addressed by violent means, is addressed in the novel through its theme.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society is expected to function properly only when people can carry out their day-to-day activities without being threatened of violent acts like stealing, sexual harassment, etc. by unsocial elements. When unsocial acts from the likes of eve-teasing and pick pocketing crosses their limits to rape and murder, like carried out by Alex in the novel under study, then such characters are too dangerous to be left open in the society. Imprisonment is one way through which present day judicial system deals with such criminal offenders (Collins and Cattermole).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though there is no authoritative definition of anti-social acts by habitually violent criminal offenders, anti-social act is any action which is ‘public’  in character, generally criminal, and at a low level of seriousness constitutes activities often termed in popular parlance as ‘street offences.’  In US, crimes are classified into felonies and misdemeanors. While misdemeanors are usually lighter form of offenses dealt with corrective measures like fine or imprisonment up to 1 year, serious crimes like rape and murder comes under the category of felony. They are often punishable by death penalty or imprisonment more than one year (Collins and Cattermole 47).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cullen, Wright, and Blevins observes, â€Å"crime is a complex phenomenon that exists on varied levels of analysis, manifests itself in various ways across the life course, is linked to forces inside and outside the individual, and is enmeshed in contexts extending from situational dynamics to socio-political, historical eras.†Ã‚  (Cullen, Wright, and Blevins 1) Alex, the protag onist in the 1962 novel A Clockwise Orange, and his pals are adolescent ‘style-boys’ who are used to ‘smashing faces and windows’  and night orgies. They communicate in slangs and external environment generates a vicious circle from where it is difficult to come out from the crime (Burgess). Alex's pals (‘droogs" in the novel's Anglo-Russian slang) are Dim, a slow-witted, systematic bruiser and Georgie, a motivated No 2 in command, and Pete, all of whom have predilection for ultra-violence. The author portrays Alex as a personality with an instinct to do antisocial activities and a hardcore juvenile wrongdoer; he is nevertheless sharp and intelligent with elegant taste of music. Alex is especially fan of Beethoven, or ‘Lovely Ludwig Van.’  (Burgess 63)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Collins and Cattermole, antisocial behavior varies from person to person. ‘Silo’  remedy focused on just one part is deemed to be a f ailure. Enforcement, prevention, and rehabilitation should be pursued thoughtfully in any modern free society (Collins and Cattermole 47-48). During his imprisonment, Alex is subject to behavior modification; Ludovico Technique is experimented (Burgess 82). Under this technique, Alex is injected with a medicine that makes him sick and compelled to view violent scenes finally pushing him to strong bouts of nausea at the mere thought of violence (Burgess 96). The success of the application of Ludovico technique in Alex is exhibited to a cluster of important people, who observe as Alex falls down before a bully and degrade him before an insufficiently attired young woman. Though the prison officials blame the government of depriving Alex of free will, the state bureaucrats present are delighted with the outcome and Alex is discharged from the prison (Burgess 119). Ability to

Spelling Subject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spelling Subject - Essay Example After she shared her discovery with her managers, the managers were quite proud of her because she had worked on a difficult project and created something that could add value to the society. The discovery made by her was shared with the production department and the people working in the production department were quite astonished by this innovation. They wanted her to explain in detail about her findings so they could honor her findings while developing the product. They explained that such an invention was very necessary and they should quickly start working on the project before a similar idea is produced by the competitors. They said Jane has not only helped the company, but have been very kind and considerate towards the people experiencing diabetes and her innovation was of huge amount of worth to all individuals living in the society. Her services were appreciated by the general management team as the team was already looking for such an innovation to increase the business of the

The biases in testing Essay Example for Free

The biases in testing Essay Many examples can be given for the biases in testing based on culture. Cultural biases have been in testing as long as testing has been around, whether intentional or not. With each passing year, however, it seems that cultural bias is more examined and those who create the tests are using stricter guidelines to insure that the tests they create are not biased towards one student more than another. For example, in New York City, students were given a question asking, â€Å"what were ways the British improved the lives of Africans? † it was prefaced with a passage from 1922 stating â€Å"We are endeavoring [trying] to teach the native races to conduct their own affairs with justice and humanity, and to educate them alike in letters and in industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This testing question has a clear cultural bias and shows â€Å"outright racism† according to one parents group (Rammohan, 2007). It’s ridiculous that questions like this are still showing up in standardized testing at all. Although, imperialism should be taught, it could have been presented in a less biased way. Jay Rosner in On White Preference from The Nation states another example of bias towards white students over others, â€Å"On the October 1998 SAT, for example, every single on of the 138 questions (sixty math and seventy-eight verbal) favored whites over blacks. By favoring whites, I mean that a higher percentage of white than black students answered correctly every question pre-screened and chosen to appear on that SAT†¦SAT forms are designed to very strongly correlate with one another. And the pattern I’ve identified is a predictable result of the way the tests are constructed. Latino test-takers are similarly affected, faring only a bit better than blacks. † Obviously, test takers are being gypped when it comes to standardized testing, and the tests are being biased towards white students. This example of white students performing better on all 138 pre-screened questions gives the indication that the system that is used to screen questions is in and of itself, biased, and therefore, in need of examination. Rosner goes on to give another example of the biases of test creators. On a pre-testing question where minority students actually performed better than white students, the question was thrown out, an obvious example of bias towards white students. Interestingly enough, Rosner’s entire reason for looking into the SAT and other standardized testing questions formulated by the ETS, the Educational Testing Service, was due to the fact that white students had filed a suit against the University of Michigan because they were allowing black students into the college with a lower SAT score and not accepting white students who may have a higher score. While it does not show test bias, it’s an interesting example of how the colleges may be cognizant of testing bias and how they are trying to rectify the discrepancies, i. e. allowing minority students who may have a lower SAT score into the college. As stated by Rosner, there is in fact, a twenty percent gap in performance on standardized testing between white students and minority students, displaying bias on the part of the ETS as their company formulates and screens questions before putting them onto the tests (Rosner, 2003). If they were, in fact, unbiased, why did they not allow the question where black students performed better than white? If they had allowed the question, then maybe we could state that they were at least making an effort towards being unbiased regarding test formulation and administration, unfortunately, all actions point to the contrary. As long as those formulating the tests are using biased criteria, our tests will continue to be biased and white students will continue to perform better than minority students. References Rammohan, Yasmin Tara. (9 May 2007). Advocates say standardized tests often flunk cultural bias scrutiny. Medill Reports Chicago. Retrieved from http://news. medill. northwestern. edu/chicago/news. aspx? id=35935. Rosner, Jay. (27 March 2003). On white preferences. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www. thenation. com/doc/20030414/rosner.

Leadership Success Model Implemented By Procter And Gamble Commerce Essay

Leadership Success Model Implemented By Procter And Gamble Commerce Essay Businesses require strong leadership as an unconditional factor for any kind of long-term success. The concept of leadership is exploited by many authors and there are hundreds of attempted definitions, however because of the complexity of the human actions per se, there is no clear, exact and universal one. Since the difference between high-ranking, multi-national companies and those striving to achieve such a status, lies predominantly in the skillful potential shown by their leading proponents, it is crucial to study some successful leadership models. A concrete example of such models is Procter and Gamble Company. Thus the highlights of effective leadership model are applied to this company, where the foundations and underlying structure of such a model are shown in a fashion where simplicity is idealized above all else. Definition of leadership Leader can be anyone who has an empowering vision, ability to motivate and deliver effective results. A little kid who suggests playing a new game which is more cheerful and involves all of the other children is a leader in his playground environment. That little kid encompasses some leadership characteristics which differentiate him from the rest of the group. He is able to propose something different which sounds interesting and promising and which is relevant to that particular group that follows him. A simple analogy can be drawn between that little kid and a grown up in his working environment. The characteristics that one possesses and the input he/she gives to a company determine his/her place in that working environment. For instance an employee, who finds an alternatively less costly way of producing a particular line of products and leads change in the company, distinguishes his/herself as a leader. The fast pace business world we live today does not allow for incremental c hanges, what you need is fundamental improvements. The person who can lead innovation and produces meaningful results should be at the top of the companys hierarchy. Leadership is a key to companys long-term profitability. But, what do we mean by leadership? An attempted definition of leadership is as follows: Leadership is both a process and a property. The process of leadership is the use of noncoercive influence to direct and coordinate the activities of the members of an organized group toward the accomplishment of group objectives. As a property, leadership is the set of qualities or characteristics attributed to those who are perceived to successfully employ such influence. (Jago 315) Basically what this definition implies is that leadership does not constitute only what one possesses but even what one does. The little kid that was mentioned above is not an appointed leader, but by his actions he establishes himself as such. At this point it is important to mention that leadership would not exist if there wasnt a followership. In order for a leader to succeed he needs to be listened to and followed by others. According to professor Stone followership constitutes 50% of the leaders success. If the little kid would scream and threaten to take the playing ball from the group he would not be exhibiting leadership, and most probably the other kids would not even pay attention to him. However, from that group of kids no one is a designated leader, and since leadership is an evolving process anyone who possesses some basic traits can become one. This represents the basis of the link between followers and leaders, leaders become followers and followers become leaders. At the same time leadership is not a restricted process, there might coexist multiple leaders in groups who are specialist to the function they serve. Contingency and continuity leadership What constitutes a successful leadership does not depend on the type of organization or any model that the leader operates. Leadership is a universal phenomenon as mentioned from Jago; It is the same for a corporation president and for the clergyman. (316). It is universal in the meaning that the two of them have to exhibit some essential leadership traits in order to be effective. On the other hand if we consider the leadership contingency dimension different people can express different patterns of leadership depending on the circumstances. Some leaders can be very effective and others can fail depending on the features of the situation and of the group of people they are leading. The earliest contingency theory pertains to Fiedler who asserts that the contingency of group performance related to the leader is based on the following three variables: group atmosphere, task structure, and leaders power position.citation Thus there are two important factors namely leadership style and situational favorableness. For a leader to be effective there should be an interaction between the leader himself and the features of the place where the leader operates.( Jago 316) Meanwhile, it is important to assess the fact that a good leadership model is the one which continuous even after the leader leaves. The continuity aspect of leadership is crucial therefore in determining an effective leadership. For instance if the manager of a company leaves and as a consequence the company fails introducing an assumed new product line, that would be a reflection of fake effective leadership. On the other hand if the company succeeds in introducing the new product line and achieves great revenues that shows that the formal leader was indeed an effective one. Leadership success model Procter and Gamble (PG) is a U.S based company employing 135,000 people in 180 countries including U.S, Europe and Asia.citation It is the worlds largest consumer goods company marketing about 300 brands, with a range of products such as beauty, health, fabric, home, baby, family and personal care. Based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis (SWOT analysis) its strengths are: strong focus on research and development (RD), leading market position, diversified product portfolio and strong brand portfolio. As far as the focus on RD is concerned PG invests around $2 billion per year supporting engineers and scientists in different countries. Furthermore, based on its current approach connect and develop PG brings innovation from outside by partnership with external actors. The markets where PG establish itself as a leader constitute about two-thirds of its product categories. Along with that the company has diversified product portfolio of more than 22 product categories in the following segments: beauty, grooming, health care, snacks, fabric care and baby care. An important factor of the portfolio of this company is the range of brands it includes. PG portfolio includes 24 brands which are a crucial source of revenue. This strong portfolio allows the company to be at the top companies in the world by delivering what the consumers expect. Eventually, PG has established itself as one of the most successful companies in the world. The question raises, how does it manage to do so? How does the leadership model contribute to the success of this company? The business world we live today has set up its own rules of competition, change and innovation being the keys to survival and being competitive. The key to effective implementation of these rules is a strong leadership. It is up to the visionary leader to support the business infrastructure to quickly respond to business needs and enable the company to rapidly access information. The leadership model incorporated in an organization is the first and most important brick of success. PG for instance used a leadership program called build from within.citation This program prepares managers in any aspect of their operations ensuring thus that they are ready to climb the next stair. This tactic provides for rapid replacement of any of the top 50 jobs positions. PG recruits school graduates, named in the company as Proctoid, and offers them the opportunity to grow up within the organizations hierarchy.citation Through development of the Proctoids potentials according to their career goals and the needs of the company itself the leadership program ensures the fulfillment of any free working position. Continuous training of the employees who enter the new level is crucial. According to Moheet Nagrath, head of human resources at PG if your direct reports arent ready, neither are you [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Internal reputation is crucial. citation For instance if an assistant aspires to become a Chief Operating Officer(CEO) he will be provided with all the necessary experience to do so. At the beginning he might be appointed at a lower level where he will be continuously trained until he gets assigned to the desired job. All executives, including the former CEO himself, oversee and train the top employees to occupy the next free spot. In this way, helping employees grow and improve contributes to the companys success as well. The culture of PG provides for high concentration on the people working for the company which assures the discovery of potential talents. It is important to emphasize that leadership traits are not only genetically inherited but are developed through continues and proper training as well. If individuals find the appropriate place and tools to develop themselves, they might turn into future leaders and head towards success. Therefore the PG leadership program is determined in encouraging talent from the inside and even the hiring process rarely occurs from the outside. There are disadvantages related to this kind of approach such as the building of a culture where all employees think alike. However, the most important thing is to realize the disadvantages and find an alternative way of outweighing them. That is a challenge for the leader, the need to undertake changes under pressure of losing the market. Build from within was the leadership program incorporated by PG in the early 2000, but was there a need of change in times of crisis? Who was responsible for designating the appropriate leadership model which would benefit the company billions of dollars and the employees as well? Even though, anyone in an organization has to be the leader in his/her specialization, at the top of the company pyramid stands its CEO. The PG CEO from 2000 to 2010 has been A.G.Lafley, who took the helm in midst of a crisis. At that time the company was totally distracted from meeting its projected goals. The price of the stocks had dropped dramatically and the company had lost $ 85 billion approximately. Citation PG found itself in a crisis, the biggest being a crisis of confidence. Pessimism was characterizing everyone in the companys hierarchy and notions of blame would be interchanged from the units to the leaders and the way around. That is when a true and strong leader can show his/her abilities of leadership. The famous quote of Faye Wattleton The only safe ship in a storm is leadership applies to the case of PG. Faced with such enormous problems up to the point of questioning the continuity of PG as a company Lafley had to prove himself as the leader and drive the company o ut of that ocean of troubles that it was trying to swim. Lafley based his leadership on the statement of Drucker, one of the Americas most famous CEO scholars, who said The CEO is the link between the Inside that is the organization, and the Outside of society, economy, technology, markets, and customers. Inside there are only costs. Results are only on the outside. Citation 3 This expression illuminated the mind of Lafley who could understand his role as CEO between these lines. By finding opportunities from the outside the CEO could enable the success of the company. In order to achieve the projected goals the company has to understand the needs of the outside. For instance, to achieve 4% sales growth the company had to produce a new tide brand.citation 3 Lafley perfectly understood that consumers should be in the center and that is what the company should create, a customer. At this point in time Lafley realized that the insiders of the company new how the organization worked but the input of outsiders were very crucial as well. What Lafley did is identifying the problem and solving it by adding to the model of build from within the connect and develop tactic. This way PG got the ideas from outside and applied its own potentials to them resulting in cheaper and superior products. Lafley is a pure example of showing what a leader should do. In the article written by him what only the CEO can do Lafley takes you to the insight of the job of a CEO. He emphasizes that the leader of the company is the only one who can connect the outside world with the inside of the company. That is the key of a successful leader. In order to connect the outside world to the inside one, there should be taken into consideration four important tasks. The first one is to determine what constitutes the outside, which for PG the most important one is the consumer. According to Lafley the second important task is to determine the business you are in. For instance in his early work as CEO of PG Lafley decided that the core businesses were low-income consumers and developing markets. The next important task is to balance the present and the future. For instance in order to fund long-term debts, PG chose to lower its short-term profits. The fourth task but not the least important is to show the companys values and standards such as trust in PG brands. citation Along with the other important goals stands the development of environmental leadership. PG manages to develop products on economically and ecologically sustainable basis. citation It employs some of the best practices of environmental leadership which deliver green values. The mission statement of PG provides for environmental friendly products which assure superior quality and values for the consumers all around the world. This is a strategic value statement which brings the company more profits as consumers are becoming more aware of the ecological problems and tend to choose products which harm less the environment. Thus, the compliance to environmental friendly products brings competitive advantages to the company itself. The road towards environmental leadership is hard and costly in the short term because there is a need to manage the cultural change of the company and educating the consumers as well. However, due to an effective leadership model undertaking strategic choices PG could outweigh the short-term costs by long-term benefits. The meaningful results of an effective leader Throughout the paper it was emphasized the importance of leadership as a key to companies successes. A.G.Lafley is one of the best concretizations of a great leader. Under his leadership PG market value increased by over 100 billion dollars, sales doubled, profits quadrupled and the companys portfolio brands has grown from 10 to 22. citation mla On average sales and earnings per share have grown by approximately 5% and 12 % a year, respectively. PG stands among the five most valuable companies in the U.S and is also one of the ten most important companies in the world. Lafley was the one who led the transformation of PG, which before he took the helm, did not perform that good on the world and American scale. Due to his abilities as a leader, PG became more consumer-driven and focused more on the external world. He focused mostly on core businesses and brands and tried to conquest firstly the developing market as a strategy to grow further. Lafley has led the transformation of PG. Strategically; he has focused the Company on core businesses and brands, faster-growing and higher-margin beauty, grooming and health care businesses, and winning in developing markets.citation According to A.G. Lafley the first lever to be pulled was getting the company refocused on its purpose and values. Next, he changed the culture to tap outside sources of innovation, developed the chain performance and entered different markets such as China. The Indian market penetration and building of strong supply is an important example as well showing the strategy of PG to enter the market and be innovative. A critical important move to success was bringing partners in to help build the supply chain. Another merit of Lafley and the incorporated leadership program build from within PG has guaranteed its leadership for the next decade as well. At the company level all the managers, including Lafley himself, have been working on creating the next leader, Bob McDonald as the best suitable choice. Lafley, as he leaves the company is very confident in the leadership skills of McDonald and the team that he has put in place. Continuity is one of the most important indicators of a successful leadership; PG seems to have embraced a strong leadership model which will sustain the company for at least the next decade.citation Leadership is an important key factor in guaranteeing long-term profitability for businesses and PG is one the best concretizing example of effective leadership. The attempted definition of leadership mentioned at the beginning of the paper implied that leadership is action and position at the same time. Two important factors determining successful leadership were contingency and continuity leadership. The former shows that leaders can be successful depending on the environment they operate in and the contingent of elements influencing that specific environment. The latter factor is an evidence of effective leadership, because at the moment that there is continuity it is implied that the leader and his model were successful. The definition and the factors of successful leadership were highlighted in the PG Company. It was emphasized that the person who leads the company, for instance the CEO, has a crucial role which only he could do; connect the inner world of the company with the o utside one. A thorough analysis of PG from 2000 to 2010 showed the importance of the leadership program in increasing the profitability of the company and how a leader can face challenges and approach change. The leader stands at the top of the pyramid and he/she is the only one leading transformation. There is no guaranteed model of successful leadership but there always is the chance to channel your energies towards achieving meaningful results.